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Carl Edward Sagan (/ˈseɪɡən/; November 9, 1934 – December 20, 1996) was an American astronomer, cosmologist, astrophysicist, astrobiologist, author, science popularizer, and science communicator in astronomy and other natural sciences.

He is best known for his work as a science popularizer and communicator. His best known scientific contribution is research on extraterrestrial life, including experimental demonstration of the production of amino acids from basic chemicals by radiation. Sagan assembled the first physical messages sent into space: the Pioneer plaque and the Voyager Golden Record, universal messages that could potentially be understood by any extraterrestrial intelligence that might find them. Sagan argued the now accepted hypothesis that the high surface temperatures of Venus can be attributed to and calculated using the greenhouse effect.

Sagan published more than 600 scientific papers and articles and was author, co-author or editor of more than 20 books. He wrote many popular science books, such as The Dragons of Eden, Broca’s Brain and Pale Blue Dot, and narrated and co-wrote the award-winning 1980 television series Cosmos: A Personal Voyage (+ deel 1). The most widely watched series in the history of American public television, Cosmos has been seen by at least 500 million people across 60 different countries. The book Cosmos was published to accompany the series. He also wrote the science fiction novel Contact, the basis for a 1997 film of the same name. His papers, containing 595,000 items, are archived at The Library of Congress.

Sagan advocated scientific skeptical inquiry and the scientific method, pioneered exobiology and promoted the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Intelligence (SETI). He spent most of his career as a professor of astronomy at Cornell University, where he directed the Laboratory for Planetary Studies. Sagan and his works received numerous awards and honors, including the NASA Distinguished Public Service Medal, the National Academy of Sciences Public Welfare Medal, the Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction for his book The Dragons of Eden, and, regarding Cosmos: A Personal Voyage, two Emmy Awards, the Peabody Award, and the Hugo Award. He married three times and had five children. After suffering from myelodysplasia, Sagan died of pneumonia at the age of 62, on December 20, 1996.

Links:
Carl Sagan Prize for Science Popularization

Het Groot Dictee der Nederlandse Taal is een wedstrijd in het correct spellen van de Nederlandse taal.

Het dictee werd van 1990 tot en met 2016 jaarlijks in de derde week van december gelijktijdig in Nederland en in België via de televisie werd uitgezonden, sinds 2018 wordt het dictee via de radio uitgezonden, door NPO Radio 1. Via de site van NPO Radio 1 en via NPO 1 Extra wordt het dictee met beeld uitgezonden. Op zaterdag 9 november 2024 wordt het Groot Dictee uitgezonden vanuit de Centrale Bibliotheek in Rotterdam, waar twintig Taalstaat-luisteraars het opnemen tegen twintig prominenten. De schrijver van het dictee is taalkundige, cabaretier en tv-presentator Wim Daniëls. Gerdi Verbeet, oud-voorzitter van de Tweede Kamer, leest het voor. En zoals altijd is de presentatie van het programma in handen van Frits Spits. Onze Taal is verantwoordelijk voor het nakijken en de jurering van het dictee.

Groot Dictee kent twee winnaars (!Spoiler!)