Vesuvius bekendste uitbarsting (79) / Vesuvius Day 2025

De bekendste eruptie van de Vesuvius was die van 24 en 25 augustus in het jaar 79 en was de gewelddadigste uitbarsting die tot nu toe plaatsvond.

De top van de vulkaan explodeerde en de Romeinse steden Pompeii en Stabiae werden volledig bedolven onder as en puimsteen, terwijl een pyroclastische golf Herculaneum verwoestte. Ook verspreidden giftige gassen als koolstofmono-oxide (CO) zich door Pompeii. Rond 10 duizend mensen werden gedood, slechts 2000 lichamen zijn teruggevonden. Uit recent wetenschappelijk onderzoek is gebleken dat mensen levend werden gekookt, “gezandstraald” door de gloeiend hete aswolk en vervolgens levend ontvleesd. De hersenpan explodeerde doordat de temperatuur van het superhete gas tussen de 500 en 550 graden Celsius bedroeg. Andere uitbarstingen: 1631 (bijna even zwaar als de uitbarsting van 79), 1794, 1826, 1906, 1913, 1926, 1929 en 1944. Deze waren minder spectaculair en eisten minder slachtoffers dan de uitbarsting in 79.

Links:
Te ziek om uit Pompeï te vluchten voor vulkaanuitbarsting: DNA-analyse lost 90 jaar oud mysterie op

Physics-Based Indicators for the Onset of an AMOC Collapse Under Climate Change – publication

There is a growing risk that the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) collapses to a significantly weaker state under climate change, researchers write in the Research Article “Physics-Based Indicators for the Onset of an AMOC Collapse Under Climate Change“.

This AMOC tipping event causes a substantial shift of the global climate. It is therefore important to assess the risk of such an event under future climate change, but this requires long climate model simulations which are not always available. A robust indicator is developed, that accurately predicts the onset of an AMOC tipping event and works under different forcing configurations and for different climate model simulations. Under a high-emission scenario (SSP5-8.5), the likelihood of an AMOC tipping event occurring in the century is high and reduces for lower emission scenarios (SSP2-4.5). If the AMOC starts to collapse, it takes more than 100 years to reach a substantially weaker state. During that transition, the Northwestern European climate would change drastically and is expected to see colder winters, less rainfall, and more severe winter storms.

Links:
Gevreesd kantelpunt in de Golfstroom mogelijk al halverwege deze eeuw bereikt

Physics- based early warning signal shows that AMOC is on tipping course

2025-08-24, Lief dagboek

Zondag; Wat eten we vandaag?; Plastic treaty; Vesuvius Day; Burning Man; Vroege Vogels; Shantyfestival Amsterdam; Herdenkingsprotest voor kinderslachtoffers in Gaza; Zomergasten.

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In de geschiedenis

#RememberSlavery Anti-slavenhandeldag / Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition 2025

In de nacht van 22 op 23 augustus 1791 begon in Saint Domingue (nu Haiti) de opstand die een cruciale rol zou gaan spelen bij de afschaffing van de transatlantische slavenhandel, daarom wordt de wereldwijde dag ter herinnering aan de slavenhandel en de afschaffing ervan jaarlijks gevierd op 23 augustus.

Ten tijde van het Romeinse Rijk was er een levendige handel van slaven uit van het hele rijk en de omringende gebieden. Het woord “slaven” is dan ook afgeleid van de Slavische volkeren, vanuit de Romeinse optiek “‘barbaarse” volkeren waarvan de Romeinen slaven kochten. Na opkomst van het Christendom verdween de slavernij en de slavenhandel uit West-Europa. Met het ontstaan van de wereldhandel en de behoefte aan goedkope arbeidskrachten in de Koloniën gingen West-Europeanen zich echter wel met slavernij en slavenhandel inlaten. Slavenhandelaars kochten slaven bij lokale heersers, die vaak krijgsgevangenen, maar vaak ook hun eigen burgers aan de handelaars verkochten; of ze vingen zelf mensen. Officieel komt slavernij, en dus ook slavenhandel, tegenwoordig nergens meer voor. Toch komen ook tegenwoordig nog op slavernij gelijkende situaties voor. Als daarbij mensen worden verhandeld en/of over grote afstand verplaatst, spreekt men van mensenhandel.

Links:
antislavery.org

#Slavernij afgeschaft (1863) / #KetiKoti (TV AT5)

Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition

Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1

Space Weather Follow On-Lagrange 1 (SWFO-L1) is a future spacecraft mission planned to monitor signs of solar storms, which may pose harm to Earth’s telecommunication network.

The spacecraft will be operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), with launch scheduled for no earlier than September 23, 2025. It is planned to be placed at the Sun–Earth L1 Lagrange point, a location between the Earth and the Sun. This will allow SWFO-L1 to continuously watch the solar wind and energetic particles heading for Earth. SWFO-L1 is an ESPA Class Spacecraft, sized for launch on an Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle Secondary Payload Adapter (ESPA) Grande ring in addition to the rocket’s primary payload. The spacecraft’s Solar Wind Instrument Suite (SWIS) which includes three instruments will monitor solar wind, and the Compact Coronagraph (CCOR) will monitor the Sun’s surroundings to image coronal mass ejection (CME). A CME is a large outburst of plasma sent from the Sun towards interplanetary space. Together with space weather observation capabilities on the Earth-orbiting GOES-U satellite, SWFO-L1 constitutes the space segment of NOAA’s Space Weather Follow On (SWFO) program. The aim of the SWFO program is to ensure the robust continuity of space-based measurement of the critical space weather environment. All of the spacecraft located in L1 which are currently monitoring CMEs and the solar wind have operated beyond their design lifetime. SWFO-L1‘s SWIS instruments will replace ACE’s and DSCOVR’s monitoring of solar wind, energetic particles and the interplanetary magnetic field while CCOR will replace SOHO’s LASCO (Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph) imaging of CMEs.

Links:
Space Weather Follow On L1 Mission

Countering Chinese State-Sponsored Actors Compromise of Networks Worldwide to Feed Global Espionage System – publication

People’s Republic of China (PRC) state-sponsored cyber threat actors are targeting networks globally, including, but not limited to, telecommunications, government, transportation, lodging, and military infrastructure networks.

While these actors focus on large backbone routers of major telecommunications providers, as well as provider edge (PE) and customer edge (CE) routers, they also leverage compromised devices and trusted connections to pivot into other networks. These actors often modify routers to maintain persistent, long-term access to networks. This activity partially overlaps with cyber threat actor reporting by the cybersecurity industry—commonly referred to as Salt Typhoon, OPERATOR PANDA, RedMike, UNC5807, and GhostEmperor, among others. The authoring agencies are not adopting a particular commercial naming convention and hereafter refer to those responsible for the cyber threat activity more generically as “Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) actors” throughout this advisory. This cluster of cyber threat activity has been observed in the United States, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and other areas globally. The Cybersecurity Advisory (CSA) “Countering Chinese State-Sponsored Actors Compromise of Networks Worldwide to Feed Global Espionage System” includes observations from various government and industry  investigations where the APT actors targeted internal enterprise environments, as well as systems and networks that deliver services directly to customers. This CSA details the tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) leveraged by these APT actors to facilitate detection and threat hunting, and provides mitigation guidance to reduce the risk from these APT actors and their TTPs. The authoring agencies strongly urge network defenders to hunt for malicious activity and to apply the mitigations in this CSA to reduce the threat of Chinese state-sponsored and other malicious cyber activity. Any mitigation or eviction measures listed within are subject to change as new information becomes available and ongoing coordinated operations dictate. Network defenders should ensure any actions taken in response to the CSA are compliant with local laws and regulations within the jurisdictions within which they operate.

Links:
Nederlandse providers doelwit van Chinese hackers

2025-08-22, Lief dagboek

Vrijdag; Wat eten we vandaag?; Erotisch Centrum Amsterdam; Gaza hongersnood; Wetsvoorstel strafbaarstelling verheerlijken van terrorisme; Day Commemorating the Victims of Acts of Violence Based on Religion or Belief; debat plus stemmingen over Gaza.

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In de geschiedenis